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Norfolk Heritage Explorer

Record Details

NHER Number:	10471
Type of record:	Monument
Name:	Burgh Castle, or Gariannonum/Gariannum

Summary

This Roman 'Saxon Shore' fort was probably constructed between in the late 3rd century AD, and was one of a chain of eleven forts between Brancaster on The Wash and Portchester in Hampshire which were under the command of the 'Count of the Saxon Shore', a military commander whose forts and units are listed in the 'Notitia Dignitatum', a Roman document compiled around AD 395. These forts were built at different times, and the earliest forts (Brancaster, Caister-on-Sea and Reculver) may have been more to do with trade than defence. In the late 200s, further forts including Burgh Castle were built, and these probably had a more defensive role, protecting the coastline against barbarian raiders.
Burgh Castle is also the traditional location of the Middle Saxon monastery founded by St Fursey in the early 7th century. Parts of the fort have been excavated and large amounts of Roman and Saxon material and buildings has been recovered. A Norman motte and bailey castle was constructed within the fort. The motte was demolished in the mid 19th century, but is visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs and as a faint earthwork.

Images

Location

Grid Reference:	TG 47 04
Map Sheet:	TG40SE
Parish:	BURGH CASTLE, GREAT YARMOUTH, NORFOLK

Full description

The Roman fort identified as Gariannonum was probably built between AD 260 and AD 280. The fort was subsequently used as a Saxon settlement. It is possible that this is the castle mentioned by Bede where St Fursey founded a monastery in AD 633. The Norman motte and bailey castle constructed across the south wall of the fort was removed in 1839 and the ditch surrounding the motte is still visible on aerial photographs. The internal arrangement of buildings can be visible on aerial photographs. North, south and east walls survive of the formerly complete quadrangular enclosure c. 205 x 100m internally. The walls stand to a height of 4.6m and consist of a neatly coursed facing of flints with brick levelling courses at regular intervals the walls are up to 3m thick at the base. The core is of rubble and mortar and there are six circular bastions which are in fact pear shaped in plan. Sockets let into the upper surfaces of the bastions pertain to a timber super-structure with a fighting platform.
See (S1).
S. Howard (NLA), 15 June 2010.

1756. Possible Early Saxon cremations burials found, with two Early Saxon brooches.
1816. Gold vessel found.
1843. Excavations.
1846. Sold. See copy of particulars in file.
1850. Further excavations produced Roman material.
1845 to 57. Various documented finds of Roman coins and metalwork, Middle Saxon coins.
1932. Roman colour-coated ware face jar (S13).
1938. Roman gem found.

1954. Stray Find.
Found by [1] during ploughing operations close to the margin of the field immediately east of fort "on the edge of a small yet deep hole" (at [2]):
2 Late Saxon disc brooches.
The first is decorated with an animal and is described and figured in both (S38) and (S39).
This brooch was donated to the Ipswich Museum (958-29), along the second disc brooch.
Information from (S38) and (S40).
Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 31 July 2018.

1956. Roman coin Middle Saxon sherds found.
1957. Roman coin, Roman and Middle Saxon sherds found.

1958.
Late Saxon brooches and Middle Saxon sherds.
Ministry of Works excavation of site revealed the foundations of the Roman turret and another building, and a Middle Saxon structure with postholes and clay floors, probably dating to the 7th century monastery.
Roman sherds and coins, Middle Saxon sherds and loomweight.
(S14, S15 and S16) could be the illustrations for these pottery sherds.

1960.
Ministry of Works excavations revealed Roman buildings adjoining the south wall of the fort, pottery coin hoards and other finds, (S18).
Middle Saxon cemetery and church.
Section through Norman motte showed it to be cut through south wall of fort.
See (S21) for information on the human skeletal remains from this excavation.
See (S34) for draft reoport on a Late Roman helmet found.
See (S36) for details of a project to re-examine the helmet.

1961.
Hoard of late 4th/early 5th century glassware found in a copper alloy bowl in a pit, sealed by an Early Saxon floor.

1966. Roman sherds and jet disc or bead found.
1967. Roman and Middle Saxon coins found.
1968 to 69. Roman coins found.
1970. Roman coins found.
1971. Roman coins found.
1973. Roman tiles found.
1974. Beaker flint dagger found.
1976.
Roman bone objects found, including part of a bone die with ring and dot markings, and a copper alloy pin, (S19).
Roman pottery, (S19).

1977. Roman coins found. (S35)
1978. Roman sherds and bucket found.
1970s. Martiobarbulla found.
1977. Roman sherds and Early Saxon sherds, and human bone on surface and in pipe trench. See plan (S37).
1979-82. Finds of Roman, Middle Saxon, medieval and post medieval sherds, flints.
1980. Roman pottery found.
1981. Roman finger ring found.
1982. Roman sherds found.
1984. Roman sherds and brooch found.
1985. Roman sherds, bronze bowl found.

April and October 1995. Systematic Fieldwalking and Metal-detecting Survey.
Field survey of land recently acquired by the Norfolk Archaeological Trust. This work was organised and undertaken by the Norfolk Archaeological and Historical Research Group (NAHRG), with support from the Norfolk Archaeological Unit (NAU). Finds recovered included:
Roman coins.
Roman, medieval, post medieval metalwork, including Roman lead brooch pattern (S20).
Roman, Middle Saxon and Late Saxon pottery sherds.
See file for further details. The results of this survey are also summarised in (S26).
See interim reports (S27), (S28), (S29), (S30), (S31), (S32), and (S33).
Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 20 March 2017.

September 1996. Earthwork Survey.
See report (S22) for plan and further details. This survey is also noted in (S23).
P. Watkins (HES), 10 March 2015.

See full details, schedule, correspondence, excavation reports, notes on stone types and proposals for site in file.
See (S2) and (S3).
E. Rose (NLA) June 1999.

9 March 1996. Watching Brief.
Monitoring of clearance of dyke forming eastern boundary of reed beds immediately to west of Saxon Shore fort.
No archaeology recorded, no artefacts found.
See report (S4) for further details.
T. Ashwin (NAU), 2 May 1996.

6 June 1997. Watching Brief.
Monitoring of excavation of single post hole for new visitor information panel. No archaeologically significant deposits identified and no finds recovered.
See report (S24) for further details.
P. Watkins (HES), 10 March 2015.

22 September 1997. Watching Brief.
Monitoring of excavation of four post settings for new safety fence. No archaeologically significant deposits identified and no finds recovered.
See report (S25) for further details.
P. Watkins (HES), 10 March 2015.

2003.
Analysis of Roman helmet in progress.
See note in file.
D. Gurney (NLA), 24 June 2003.

2006.
(S5) suggests that the Roman name for the fort might have been Garannum and the River Yare Garannus, the latter meaning 'Heron river'.
D. Gurney (NLA), 1 December 2006

November 2006. Norfolk NMP.
A number of cropmarks have been recorded from aerial photographs within the fort walls (S6-S10). These include possible traces of subsurface buildings and former structures of potential Roman date, the medieval motte and bailey castle and a number of undated linear features, some of which are likely to pre-date the fort. An overall NMP parent record has been created for all undated and unphased cropmarks outside of the fort walls (NHER 49203). The cropmarks that are likely to be Roman in date and associated with the vicus are recorded under NHER 49204. An additional undated phase of cropmark enclosures and trackways, which either pre-date or post-date the vicus are recorded under NHER 49205.

The majority of the cropmarks recorded within the fort are derived from CUCAP photography dating to 1949-1956 (S7-S8) and 1976 (S9-S10). The main possible structures identified are located within the northern section of the fort. A rectangular structure, measuring 16.5 by 9.5m, is visible within the northeastern corner of the fort. The parchmarks suggest a structure with quite thick walls or a spread layer of rubble (S9-S10). The interior of the structure appears slightly sunken and two dividing walls are visible, creating three cells, with an entrance to the south and a possible additional entrance to the west. Another parchmark and linears to the immediate west may indicate a conjoined structure. A second building or compacted surface is suggested by parchmarks to the south of the central northern tower. This consists of two parallel bands of parching, 6.5m in total width and 26m in length. A number of parched oblong and rectangular features are visible to the north and east. These features sit within a rectangular area defined by ditches. Unlike the structure to the east, it is not immediately clear whether these parchmarks represent subsurface walls or structures or whether they reveal surfaced and compacted areas such as internal fort roads. Two short walls may be suggested by two linear parchmarks running inwards from the main gate to the fort (S9-S10). This line is then continued by two parallel ditches (S7). It is likely that these also represent one of the fort roads. Other smaller parched areas, such as at TG 4745 0467 and TG 4748 0458, may indicate further structures or buried stone. At TG 4742 0456 in 1956 (S8) is an L-shaped area of lighter ground, measuring approximately 17m long and up to 15m across. This has the appearance of a stone deposit or structure being spread by the plough.

In the southeastern corner of the fort is a possible rectangular ditched enclosure (S7). This measures 27m by 14m and is aligned the same as the fort suggesting that it is Roman or later in date. The immense ditches associated with the motte and bailey castle are visible within the southwestern corner of the fort (S7). This motte enclosure is up to 13m wide and 72m across and has two unusual inner ditch sections with bulbous and rounded ends. A curvilinear ditch conjoined to the main ditch to the east appears to be contemporary. Within the motte ditch are a further two lighter and possibly parched areas (S7). Although it is not clear whether this is caused by an archaeological subsurface feature or more recent agricultural activity. A number of fragmentary ditch cropmarks are visible within the motte. These are undated and may well pre-date the both the motte and fort. Two sub-circular features are visible at TG 4741 0455 and TG 4743 0457 (S7). The archaeological origin of these cropmarks is not certain and it is possible that they are the result of underlying natural features.
S. Massey (NMP), 01 November 2006.

17 November 2008.
Scheduled Monument Consent granted to construct access paths from the proposed new car park to the church and Roman fort.
See (S11) for further details
H. White (NLA) 7 January 2009.

c. 2003. Casual find on surface.
15th/16th-century pottery sherd.
See description in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 31 October 2009.

February / March 2010. Casual find.
Ipswich Ware rim sherd.
See description in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 April 2010.

2015. Geophysical Survey.
Survey of the interior using ground penetrating radar.
Results awaited.
D. Gurney (HES), 18 December 2015.

Monument Types

LINEAR FEATURE (Unknown date)
RING DITCH? (Unknown date)
FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
FINDSPOT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
FINDSPOT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
BUILDING? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
CEMETERY (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
CREMATION (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
DITCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
FORT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
FORT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
GLASS WORKS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
ROAD? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
SITE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
STRUCTURE? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
TRACKWAY (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
CEMETERY (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
CREMATION (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
ABBEY (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
FLOOR (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
GLASS WORKS (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
INHUMATION (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
MOTTE AND BAILEY (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)

Associated Finds

ANIMAL REMAINS (Undated)
BRICK (Undated)
CENSER (Undated)
KNIFE (Undated)
METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Undated)
METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Undated)
MOLLUSCA REMAINS (Undated)
PALETTE (COSMETIC) (Undated)
TILE (Undated)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
VESSEL (Undated)
VESSEL (Undated)
VESSEL (Undated)
WEIGHT (Undated)
WHETSTONE (Undated)
LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
DAGGER (Beaker - 2300 BC to 1700 BC)
BROOCH (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
BALLISTA BOLT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BEAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BELL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BOWL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BOX (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BRACELET (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BUCKET (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BUCKLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
DIE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
DISC (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
FIGURINE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
GAMING PIECE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
GEMSTONE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
HELMET (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
HOARD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
MOULD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
PERSONAL ORNAMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
ROOF TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
SPEAR (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
STUD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
SURGICAL INSTRUMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
TOILET ARTICLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
VESSEL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
VESSEL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
VESSEL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
WEIGHT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
KNIFE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
POT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
POT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
COIN (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
FLOOR TILE (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
LOOMWEIGHT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
POT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
POT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
BOX (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
DRESS COMPONENT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
FURNITURE FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
HARNESS (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
MUSKET BALL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
PLAQUE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
POT (Medieval to 19th Century - 1066 AD to 1900 AD)
PURSE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
SEAL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
STUD (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
VESSEL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
BELL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BOX (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BROOCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BROOCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BUCKET (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
BUTTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
CLAY PIPE (SMOKING) (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
DISC (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
DRESS COMPONENT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
FINGER RING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
FURNITURE FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
HARNESS (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
KEY (LOCKING) (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
MOULD (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
MUSKET BALL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
NAIL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
PIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
PURSE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
ROOF TILE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
ROOF TILE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
SEAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
SPOON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
SPUR (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
STUD (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
THIMBLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
TOKEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
TOY (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
TOY (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
VESSEL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
VESSEL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
VESSEL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Protected Status

Scheduled Monument
Listed Building

Sources and further reading

---	Unpublished Document: Rumbelow, P. E.. 1933. The Saxon Shore Fort at Burgh Castle, Suffolk.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1995. Centuries roll back among the haunted ruins of Burgh castle. 27 June.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2006. Forts of the Saxon shore. 14 October.
---	Unpublished Document: Rumbelow, P. E.. 1928. Burgh Castle.
---	Publication: Gurney, D.. 2002. Outposts of the Roman Empire. A Guide to Norfolk's Roman Forts at Burgh Castle, Caister-on-Sea and Brancaster..
---	Article in Monograph: Pestell, T.. 2003. The Afterlife of 'Productive' Sites in East Anglia.. Markets in Early Medieval Europe: Trading and 'Productive' Sites, 650-850.. Pestell, T. & Ulmschneider, K.. pp 122-137.
---	Photograph: 2003. HKZ, Possible Romano British helmet.
---	Article in Serial: Wells, C. and Green, C. 1973. Sunrise Dating of Death and Burial. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XXXV Pt IV pp 435-442. p 435.
---	Newspaper Article: Yarmouth Mercury. 1928. Yarmouth Mercury. 19 May.
---	Newspaper Article: The Times. 1962. Saxon monastery finds in East Anglia. 8 February.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1995. [Articles on the sale of Burgh Castle].
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. Hidden treasure at Burgh Castle.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1938-1988. [Photographs of Burgh Castle].
---	Photograph: Q 15, CNC 15-17, CKF 15, BDT 9-10, EZR.
---	Article in Serial: Mackie, C.. 1901. [unknown]. Norfolk Annals. Vol 1, 1801-1850.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1962. Burgh Castle relics for display at Yarmouth. 9 February.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1989-1993. [Articles on the case against firm E E Green for fly tipping].
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1996. Echoes of Roman times. 16 March.
---	Publication: Unknown. 1922. Burgh Castle.
---	Article in Serial: Gregory, T. 1979. A Romano-British Bronze Bound Bucket from Burgh Castle. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XXXVII Pt II pp 223-226.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2011. Historic Roman fort wall pushed down by vandals. 26 August.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2012. Bringing past to life at special site. 29 March.
---	Secondary File: Secondary File.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1962. [Article on discovery of wattle and daub huts at Burgh Castle and the potential excavation of Thetford Castle]. 8 February.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1962. Roman fort - Saxon monastery - Norman castle. 12 February.
---	Article in Serial: Harrod, H.. 1859. Notice of Excavations Made at Burgh Castle, Suffolk, in the Years 1850 and 1855. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol V pp 146-160.
---	Aerial Photograph: Edwards, D.A. (NLA). 1994. TG4704/AJL - AJN.
---	Newspaper Article: The Times. 1961. Remains unearthed of 350 early Christians. 2 May.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1931. Burgh Castle finds. 18 August.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1988. Roman ruins still present imposing sight for visitor. 28 April.
---	Slide: Various. Slide.
---	Newspaper Article: Yarmouth Mercury. 1961. 'Dig' throws more light on Burgh Castle. 22 December.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. Possible Roman road in Lothingland. 28 July.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. Roman pottery from Burgh Castle.
---	Unpublished Report: White, S. 1997. Outline Proposals for the Interpretation of Burgh Castle Roman Fort and its Landscape.
---	Monograph: Pearson, A.. 2003. The Construction of the Saxon Shore Forts.. British Archaeological Reports British Series. Vol 349.
---	Newspaper Article: Yarmouth Mercury. 1962. West wall at Burgh Castle. Evidence to prove that one existed. 16 May.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1996. Students hedge their bets. 25 March.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1999. Roman dog would have been in trouble. 6 August.
---	Article in Serial: Morris, A. J. 1947. The Saxon Shore Fort at Burgh Castle. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History. Vol XXIV Pt 2 pp 100-120.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1961. Red deer in Lothingland. 2 February.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1982. Excavation picture plea. 4 November.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2011. Roman fort to appear in new TV series. 28 October.
---	Aerial Photograph: TG4704 A,AHT-AHY,AGA-AGD,AGF-AHE,AHM-AHR,AHZ-AJG.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1961. Burgh skeletons were Christians. 1 May.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1929. [Article and letter to the editors on the review of 'The Roman camp and the Irish Saint at Burgh Castle'.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. The Roman station at Burgh Castle.
---	Newspaper Article: 1999. Eastern Daily Press. 6 March.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2010. Norfolk's spooky past. 27 October.
---	Aerial Photograph: Edwards, D.A. (NLA). 1996. TG 4704AJP - AJQ, AJS - AJX, AKB - AKC.
---	Newspaper Article: Yarmouth Mercury. 1962. Burgh Castle finds at British Museum. 18 May.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1929. Roman construction at Burgh Castle. 8 April.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1982. [Articles on the proposed plans for Burgh Castle].
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Neolithic. Burgh Castle.
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Late Saxon. Burgh Castle.
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Medieval. Burgh Castle [2].
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Early Saxon. Burgh Castle [10].
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Middle Saxon. Burgh Castle.
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Roman. Burgh Castle [17].
---	Publication: Ives, J. 1803. Remarks upon the Garianorum of the Romans. Second Edition.
---	Unpublished Report: Melville Dunbar Associates. 1981. Burgh Castle Case Study.
---	Monograph: Pevsner, N. and Radcliffe, E. 1974. Suffolk. The Buildings of England. 2nd Edition. pp 129-131; Pl 3b.
---	Record Card: Ordnance Survey Staff. 1933-1979?. Ordnance Survey Record Cards. TG 40 SE 1.
---	Serial: 1958. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries. Vol 5. p 6.
---	Newspaper Article: The Illustrated London News. 1962. Broken glass; a breakable cathedral and other items of home news. 26 May.
---	Newspaper Article: Yarmouth Mercury. 1961. Round and about. 22 December.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2004. Vision of saint is kept alive. 1 October.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1947. Two Roman relics discovered. 28 April.
---	Article in Serial: [Unknown]. 1990. Heavy fine for tipping on monument. British Archaeological Association. Vol 5 No 4.
---	Unpublished Document: [Unknown]. [1976?]. Coins found in and around Roman fort at Burgh Castle. Coin List.
---	Unpublished Document: Gregory, T.. 1989. Burgh Castle. Saxon Shore Fort. Coins found at B.C., 1978. Coin List.
---	Unpublished Document: [Unknown]. 1947. Finds from Burgh Castle, Suffolk in N.C.M. 1947. Finds List.
---	Drawing: [Unknown]. [unknown]. Annotated map of find distributions and field names in the immediate vicinity of Burgh Castle. Annotated map.
---	Leaflet: [Unknown]. 1846. Advertisement for the auction of The Burgh-Castle Estate, Suffolk including Historical Sketch and Description of the Garianonum.
---	Publication: Great Yarmouth Historical Buildings, Ltd.. 1928. Historic Yarmouth and Neighbourhood. An Account of the recent visit of the Suffolk Archaeologists to the Town and Neighbourhood.. 19 May.
---	Publication: Johnson, J. S.. 1978. Burgh Castle. Department of the Environment Official Handbook. Her Majesty's Stationary Office.
---	Leaflet: Ministry of Works. 1948. Burgh Castle Suffolk.
---	Leaflet: Ministry of Works. 1956. Burgh Castle Suffolk.
---	Leaflet: [Unknown]. 1922. Burgh Castle. Powell and Co.
---	Publication: Raven, J. J. [1890's]. Burgh Castle.
---	Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 2014. Roman fort’s tilting wall standing tall despite rumours of damage. 10 March.
---	Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Miscellaneous. Burgh Castle.
---	Designation: English Heritage. 1990-2013. English Heritage Scheduling Notification. Notification. DNF172.
---	Designation: English Heritage. 1994? -2011?. English Heritage Digital Designation Record. Record. DNF172.
---	Article in Serial: Raven, J. J. 1888. Garianonum, and the Count of the Saxon Shore. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History. Vol VI Pt 3 pp 345-359.
---	Article in Serial: Smedley, N. and Owles, E. 1965. Some Anglo-Saxon 'Animal'-Brooches. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Vol XXX Pt 2 pp 166-174. Pl XXVI g.
---	Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
---	Article in Serial: Husenbeth, F. C. 1859. Notice of a sceatta found at Burgh Castle. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol V pp 233-235.
---	Article in Serial: Boileau, J. P. 1864. Notice of a Saxon silver coin found at Burgh Castle. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol VI pp 38-41.
<S1>	Unpublished Document: Heywood, S. Historic building report for Burgh Castle, Burgh, Norfolk.. Building Report.
<S2>	Monograph: Johnson, S. 1983. Burgh Castle: Excavations by Charles Green, 1958-61. East Anglian Archaeology. No 20.
<S3>	Publication: Johnson, J. S.. 1978. Burgh Castle, Norfolk.
<S4>	Unpublished Contractor Report: Ashwin, T. 1996. Burgh Castle: Watching Brief for Norfolk Archaeological Trust, March 1996. Norfolk Archaeological Unit.
<S5>	Article in Serial: Breeze, A. 2006. Ptolemy's Gariennus, Burgh Castle and The Yare. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and History. Vol XLI Pt 2, pp 227-229.
<S6>	Oblique Aerial Photograph: Low, F.. 1933. Norfolk Air Photo Library: H. Frederick Low Collection. TG4704/ABH (LOW/087).
<S7>	Oblique Aerial Photograph: CUCAP. 1949. NHER TG 4704A-B (CUCAP CQ044, CQ052) 24-JUN-1949.
<S8>	Oblique Aerial Photograph: CUCAP. 1956. NHER TG4704AHF (CUCAP SP87) 28-MAY-1956.
<S9>	Oblique Aerial Photograph: CUCAP. 1976. CUCAP (BYB91) 24-JUN-1976.
<S10>	Oblique Aerial Photograph: CUCAP. 1976. CUCAP (BYZ16) 03-JUL-1976.
<S11>	Designation: DCMS. [?]-2016. Scheduled Monument Consent. SAM Consent. DNF172.
<S12>	Illustration: Unknown. Unknown. Sketches of a two Roman urns, an arrowhead and a fibula found between 1756-1852.. Paper. Unknown.
<S13>	Illustration: Unknown. 1932. Drawing of a Roman jug.. Paper. Unknown.
<S14>	Illustration: Green C.. Unknown. Drawing of Roman pottery sherds.. Paper. Unknown.
<S15>	Illustration: Green C.. Unknown. Drawing of Roman pottery sherds.. Paper. Unknown.
<S16>	Illustration: Green C.. Unknown. Drawing of Roman pottery sherds.. Paper. Unknown.
<S17>	Illustration: Unknown. Unknown. Sketch of a Roman decorated vase.. Paper. Unknown.
<S18>	Illustration: Unknown. 1980. Drawing of a Roman helmet.. Paper. 1:4.
<S19>	Illustration: Gregory, T.. 1976. Drawing of a Roman copper alloy pin, a bone object and a shard of Samian ware.. Card. 2:1.
<S20>	Illustration: White, S. 1998. Drawing of a Roman lead knob/handle possibly a model from making a brooch mould.. Film. 2:1.
<S21>	Unpublished Contractor Report: Anderson, S. M and Birkett, D. A. 1988. The Human Skeletal Remains from Burgh Castle, Norfolk, 1960. Ancient Monuments Laboratory. 27/89.
<S22>	Unpublished Report: Cushion, B. 1996. Burgh Castle SMR 10471. Earthwork Survey Report.
<S23>	Article in Serial: Gurney, D. and Penn, K. (eds). 1997. Excavations and Surveys in Norfolk 1996. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XLII Pt IV pp 547-564. p 549.
<S24>	Unpublished Contractor Report: Crowson, A. 1997. Observations on erection of visitor information panel at Burgh Castle Roman fort. Norfolk Archaeological Unit. 245.
<S25>	Unpublished Contractor Report: Hutcheson, A. 1998. Report on an Watching Brief at Burgh Castle. Norfolk Archaeological Unit. 280.
<S26>	Article in Serial: Gurney, D. (ed.). 1996. Excavations and Surveys in Norfolk 1995. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XLII Pt III pp 397-412. p 399.
<S27>	Unpublished Report: Gurney, D.. 1997. Results of the April 1995 Survey; interim report.
<S28>	Unpublished Report: Gurney, D.. 1997. October 1995 Survey, for theNorfolk Archaeological Trust [Finds By Period].
<S29>	Unpublished Report: Gurney, D.. [1997 ?]. The Extra-Mural Survey, 1995.
<S30>	Unpublished Document: Davison, A.. [1995?]. Notes on fieldwalking survey October 1995.
<S31>	Unpublished Document: Judy. 1995. Burgh Castle. Phase I: 17-21 April 1995 [summary of methodology].
<S32>	Unpublished Report: [Unknown]. 1995. Burgh Castle Metal Detecting Survey April 1995.
<S33>	Unpublished Document: Gurney, D.. 1995. Burgh Castle Survey 17-21 April 1995. List of Finds..
<S34>	Unpublished Report: [Unknown]. [post 1961]. Draft Report: A Late Roman Helmet from Burgh Castle.
<S35>	Unpublished Document: [Unknown]. 1977. Roman coins from Saxon Shore Fort, found in 1977. Coin List.
<S36>	Unpublished Document: Davies, J. 2003. The Burgh Castle Helmet [project details].
<S37>	Drawing: [Unknown]. 1977. Burgh Castle. Plan of Department of Environment pipe trench. Fieldwork Plan. Paper. 1:200.
<S38>	Article in Serial: Philp, B. J. 1957. Anglo-Saxon Animal-Brooches from Burgh Castle and Brantham. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Vol XXVII Pt 3 pp 191-192. p 191 Pl XXXVII a.
<S39>	Article in Serial: Smedley, N. and Owles, E. 1965. Some Anglo-Saxon 'Animal'-Brooches. Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Vol XXX Pt 2 pp 166-174. p 172; Pl XXVI g.
<S40>	Collection: Norfolk Historic Environment Record Staff. 1975-[2000]. HER Record Notes. Norfolk Historic Environment Service.

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10486

Related to: Site of Roman vicus, Burgh Castle (Monument)