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Record Details

NHER Number:1826
Type of record:Monument
Name:Warham Roman Settlement, Iron Age to Early Saxon occupation

Summary

Since 1951 a large number of predominantly Roman period objects have been recovered from this area. These include large quantities of pottery sherds as well as personal objects such as brooches, buckles and coins, and building materials such as tesserae, floor and flue tiles. It is is thought that occupation in the Roman period may have been preceded by occupation in the Iron Age, from which a small number of objects have been found. The recovery of pottery sherds, brooches, buckles and other small metal objects from the Early Saxon period also suggests that the site continued in use during this period. Cropmarks visible in this area have been recorded under NHER 28242. Metal-detecting in 2010 recovered a Roman Hod Hill brooch and an Early Saxon disc brooch.

Images

  • Early Saxon disc brooch from NHER 1826 © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman brooch from NHER 1826 © Norfolk County Council

Location

Grid Reference:Not displayed
Map Sheet:TF94SW
Parish:WARHAM, NORTH NORFOLK, NORFOLK

Full description

Roman settlement with Iron Age and Early Saxon finds; later gardens of post-medieval mansion.

1951. Roman sherds and coins found, noted on (S12).

1959. Roman building material and artefacts. Reported in (S13) and noted on (S12).

1959. Stray Find.
Found on edge of Great Wood (Context 1):
1 Middle Neolithic pottery sherd (Mortlake-style). See drawing (S1).
Donated to Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 1959.423).
This find was initially identified as a Bronze Age Food Vessel sherd and is listed as such in (S13) and on (S12). As noted on (S18) it was subsequently reidentified as Neolithic by F. Healy. It is described and illustrated in (S19) and also amongst the sherds listed in (S20).
P. Watkins (HES), 16 May 2016.

1960. Iron Age pottery and Roman finds. Reported in (S14) and noted on (S12).
1962. Roman pottery and millstone. Reported in (S15) and noted on (S12).
1964-1965. Roman and Iron Age sherds.
1972. Roman spindle whorl found. Reported in (S16) and noted on (S12).
1974. Roman and Iron Age sherds and tesserae found, see drawings (S2)-(S4). Reported in (S17) and noted on (S12).
1977. Roman coin found.
1981. Roman (S6), medieval and prehistoric finds.
1982. Neolithic sherd in mound, with Roman finds above.
1983-1984. Found with metal-detector: Roman coins.
1988-1989. Early Saxon wrist clasp (S5) and sherds, Roman sherds with metal-detector.
1990-1991. Metal-detecting. Roman, medieval metalwork, Roman coins.
1994. Metal-detector finds. Roman, Early Saxon (S7)-(S10) and medieval metalwork, Roman and medieval coins.
1994/1996. Metal-detector finds. Prehistoric flint blade, Roman and medieval coins. Iron Age, Early Saxon, Roman and medieval sherds. Roman and medieval (S21) metal finds.

See full details correspondence and drawings in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 1 June 1999.

2000. Field Observation and Desk-based Assessment.
Site visited and considered as part of archaeological assessment of Holkham Estate.
Arable, ploughed. No surface indications of occupation site.
See report (S11) for further details.
P. Watkins (HES), 22 April 2015.

October 2002. Norfolk NMP.
The cropmarks located in this same area are recorded under NHER 28242. This is because they are not definitely connected with the finds listed here.
H. Clare (NMP), 11 October 2002.

April-May 2010. Metal-detecting.
Hod Hill brooch.
See description in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 5 July 2010.

Before 29 November 2010. Metal-detecting.
Romano-British Hod Hill and Early Saxon swastika disc brooch.
See list in file.
A. Rogerson (HES), 1 September 2011.i

Monument Types

  • FINDSPOT (Unknown date)
  • HEARTH (Unknown date)
  • MOUND (Unknown date)
  • WALL (Unknown date)
  • FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SETTLEMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • GARDEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • ROAD (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Associated Finds

  • KEY (LOCKING) (Undated)
  • METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Undated)
  • NET SINKER (Undated)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
  • WHETSTONE (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • POT (Middle Neolithic - 3500 BC to 2701 BC)
  • COIN (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • ANIMAL REMAINS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BEAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FLOOR TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FLOOR TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FLUE TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • HOD HILL BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • KEY (LOCKING) (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • KNIFE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • MILLSTONE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • QUERN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • QUERN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • ROOF TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SPINDLE WHORL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SPOON (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • STUD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SURGICAL INSTRUMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TESSERA (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • WHETSTONE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • DISC BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • POT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BELL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BOOK FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BOX (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BROOCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • DRESS COMPONENT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • DRINKING VESSEL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • HARNESS PENDANT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PURSE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • RING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • SCABBARD (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STUD (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • TEXTILE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • VESSEL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • WEIGHT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BELL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • BUTTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • DRESS COMPONENT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • MOULD (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • MUSKET BALL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • RING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SEAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SPOON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STUD (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • TOKEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • VESSEL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Protected Status

  • SHINE

Sources and further reading

---Aerial Photograph: TF 9441A-G; TF 9341/N.
---Photograph: I & RS. Digital finds image.
---Monograph: Ashley, S. 2002. Medieval Armorial Horse Furniture in Norfolk. East Anglian Archaeology. No 101.
---Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
---Photograph: JJC 12, Undatable bronze decorative fragment..
---Photograph: JJC 13, Early Saxon brooch knob..
---Serial: 1960. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1960. No 7. p 6.
---Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Iron Age. Warham [2].
---Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Roman. Warham [8].
---Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Early Saxon. Warham.
---Secondary File: Secondary File.
---Newspaper Article: Eastern Daily Press. 1951. Roman coin discovered at Warham. 20 March.
---Collection: Norfolk Historic Environment Record Staff. 1975-[2000]. HER Record Notes. Norfolk Historic Environment Service.
---Photograph: EXL11-13.
---Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Miscellaneous. Warham.
<S1>Illustration: Healy, F. [Unknown]. Drawing of Middle Neolithic Peterborough Ware (Mortlake-style) pottery sherds. Paper. Unknown.
<S2>Illustration: [Unknown]. 1974. Drawing of an Iron Age pottery sherd. Paper. 1:1.
<S3>Illustration: [Unknown]. 1974. Drawing of an Iron Age pottery sherd. Paper. 1:1.
<S4>Illustration: [Unknown]. 1974. Drawing of a Roman coarseware pottery indented beaker. Paper. 1:1.
<S5>Illustration: Penn, K. 1989. Drawing of an Early Saxon copper alloy wrist clasp. Film. 2:1.
<S6>Illustration: [Norwich Castle Museum staff]. 1981. Drawing of a Roman copper alloy Colchester derivative brooch. Paper. 1:1.
<S7>Illustration: Daynes, C. A. 1994. Drawing of an Early Saxon gilded copper alloy wrist clasp. Paper. 1:1.
<S8>Illustration: Martins, V. 1994. Drawing of an Early Saxon gilded copper alloy wrist clasp. Paper. 1:1.
<S9>Illustration: Daynes, C. A. 1994. Drawing of an Roman/Early Saxon copper alloy soldiers/settlers-type buckle. Paper. 1:1.
<S10>Illustration: Holness, A. 1996. Drawing of an Early Saxon wrist clasp. Paper. 1:1.
<S11>Unpublished Contractor Report: Penn, K. 2000. The Holkham Estate, Wells-next-the-Sea, Norfolk. Archaeological Survey (Final Report). Norfolk Archaeological Unit. 532.
<S12>Record Card: Ordnance Survey Staff. 1933-1979?. Ordnance Survey Record Cards. TF 94 SW 1; TF 94 SW 7; TF 94 SW 9 [2]; TF 94 SW 15; TF 94 SW 19.
<S13>Serial: 1959. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1959. No. 6. p 6.
<S14>Serial: 1960. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1960. No 7. p 6.
<S15>Serial: 1962. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1962. No 9. p 6.
<S16>Serial: 1972. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1972. No 19. p 11.
<S17>Serial: 1974. Council for British Archaeology Group 7 Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1974. No 21. p 9.
<S18>Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Bronze Age. Warham (St Mary).
<S19>Thesis: Healy, F. 1978. The Neolithic in Norfolk. pp 715-716.
<S20>Article in Serial: Healy, F. 1984. Recent Finds of Neolithic Bowl Pottery in Norfolk. Norfolk Archaeology. Vol XXXIX Pt I pp 65-82.
<S21>Illustration: Ashley, S. 1999. Drawing of a medieval copper alloy harness pendant.

Related records

1827Related to: Warham Burrows, possible Iron Age or Roman enclosure (Monument)
1828Related to: Warham Camp Iron Age Fort (Monument)

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