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Record Details

NHER Number:17212
Type of record:Monument
Name:Site of Roman and Saxon settlements and multi-period finds

Summary

Earthworks of former field boundaries and trackways are visible on aerial photographs and are probably of medieval date. Fieldwalking and metal detecting between 1983 and 2013 recovered prehistoric worked flint including a Mesolithic blade; undated and prehistoric to post-medieval pottery sherds; fragments of Roman flue tile; undated and Roman quern stone fragments; a Roman whetstone; Iron Age, Roman, Late Saxon, medieval and post-medieval coins; medieval jettons and tokens and undated and Late Bronze Age to post-medieval metal objects. The metal finds include undated casting waste, weights and a ring; a Late Bronze Age sword fragment; an Iron Age brooch; an Early Iron Age/Roman brooch; a Roman copper alloy bead, brooch, bracelet fragment, coin blank, cosmetic pestle and tweezers; an Early Saxon annular brooch, ring, sleeve clasp and strap fitting; Middle Saxon pins, a brooch and tweezers; Middle/Late Saxon finger rings, hooked tags and a mount; Late Saxon brooches, a bridle bit, earring, finger ring and furniture fitting; a Late Saxon/medieval balance, key and padlock; medieval to post-medieval dress accessories; medieval brooches, harness fittings, a window came, chain, censer, net sinker, stylus, spindle whorl and pilgrim badge; a medieval/post-medieval furniture fitting and a post-medieval window came, cloth seal, crotal bell, Jew's harp and musket ball. The finds recovered during the systematic fieldwalking survey identified this as the site of a Roman and a Middle and Late Saxon settlement.

Images

  • Late Saxon mount from NHER 17212 © Norfolk County Council
  • Late Saxon finger ring from NHER 17212 © Norfolk County Council
  • Medieval buckle from NHER 17212 © Norfolk County Council

Location

Grid Reference:Not displayed
Map Sheet:TF70NW
Parish:BARTON BENDISH, WEST NORFOLK, NORFOLK

Full description

14 October 1968.
Cambridge University Air Photography.
Soilmarks of ploughed out banks and ditches indicating positions of field boundaries and two embanked trackways.
D. Edwards (NAU), 4 May 1981.

Site referred to by farmworkers as 'The Moat'. The earthworks could be water channels rather than trackways.
E. Rose (NAU), 6 May 1981.

25 February, 18 March and 25 October 1983. Barton Bendish Survey fieldwalking.
Area of county number extended eastwards to include fieldwalking finds partly on east side cropmarks and partly further east in same field.

Site BB 89 (TF 7085 0535; Context 2).
South-east corner of field, south of east-west lane. Poor conditions. Pottery scattered all over area, but concentrated along line of southwest-northeast former trackway.
1 Roman tile with combed decoration.
1 Middle Saxon Ipswich ware pottery sherd (sand rim found towards western edge of area).
Late Saxon pottery sherds including Thetford ware and St Neots ware.
Medieval pottery sherds.
Post-medieval pottery sherds.

Site BB 90 (TF 7075 0530; Context 3).
1 prehistoric flint blade. Identified a ?Mesolithic in (S1).
3 Middle Saxon Ipswich ware pottery sherds (1 pimply base, 2 pimply body sherds), all close to eastern boundary.
Late Saxon Thetford ware pottery sherds.
Medieval pottery sherds.
1 post-medieval copper alloy fitting (with T E incised in floreate script).
1 undatable lava quern fragment.

Site BB 92 (TF 7080 0541; Context 4).
Poor conditions.
1 ?Roman pottery sherd (buff).
1 Late Saxon Stamford ware pottery sherd.
2 medieval pottery sherds (1 unglazed, 2 glazed Grimston).

Site BB 93 (TF 7085 0541; Context 5).
Majority of finds in central area.
1 undatable handmade sandy pottery sherd.
1 undatable prehistoric pottery sherd. Flint-gritted.
2 Roman pottery sherds, including 1 bowl rim (3rd-4th century) and ?Nene Valley mortarium flange.
1 Roman box tile fragment.
5 Early-Middle Saxon lightly organic tempered burnished pottery sherds.
4 Middle Saxon Ipswich ware pottery sherds (3 pimply and 1 sandy rim).
Very large amount of Late Saxon pottery. Predominantly Thetford ware with some St Neots ware.
Small amount of medieval pottery.

Identified A. Rogerson (NAU).
Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 24 November 2013.

1986.
Iron Age coin.
Roman coins.
Medieval metalwork.
See list in file.
E. Rose (NAU) 9 February 1987.

February 1987.
More finds as above.
Plus Iron Age and Beaker sherds.
See plot and list in file.
E. Rose (NAU) 18 August 1987.

October/November 2003. Metal detecting.
Six Roman and four medieval coins.
Medieval brooches and buckles and a post medieval finger ring, and other metal objects.
See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 5 December 2003.

Before 3 December 2003. Metal detecting.
Iron Age, Roman, Late Saxon, medieval and post medieval coins.
Iron Age brooch, Roman brooches and a bracelet, Early Saxon brooch, Middle Saxon or Late Saxon hooked tags and strap ends, medieval brooches, buckles and strap fittings, and post medieval seals, strap fittings and weights, and undatable metal finds.
Roman sherd.
See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 March 2004.

Before 21 September 2004. Metal detecting in areas of Roman 9, medieval 15 and medieval 16.
Twenty nine Roman coins. Two coin blanks. One Middle Saxon and one Late Saxon coins. Two post medieval coins.
Two post medieval jettons.
Roman brooches and a finger ring, Early Saxon brooches, Middle Saxon brooches a Late Saxon finger ring and brooches (S2), medieval brooches and buckles, post medieval and undatable metal objects.
See lists and drawing in file (four coin sheets and eight object sheets).
A. Rogerson (NLA), 17 November 2004.

Before 4 November 2005. Metal detecting.
Five Roman coins.
Late Bronze Age (S3), Iron Age, Roman, Early Saxon, Middle Saxon, Late Saxon, medieval, post medieval and undatable metal objects.
See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 23 June 2006.

Before 9 July 2007. Metal detecting.
5 Roman, 5 medieval and 4 post medieval coins, Romano-British, Middle Saxon, Late Saxon (S4), medieval and post medieval coins, 2 medieval and 1 post medieval jettions.
See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 4 October 2007.

Before 8 September 2008. Metal detecting.
14 Roman, 5 Middle Saxon, 2 Late Saxon & 11 medieval coins.
Iron Age/Roman, Roman, Early Saxon, Middle Saxon, Middle Saxon/Late Saxon, Late Saxon, Late Saxon/medieval, medieval & undatable metal objects (including Middle Saxon silver pin and medieval silver annular brooch fragment).
See lists in file.
The Middle Saxon silver pin was submitted as potential Treasure (Treasure case 2008 T565) and subsequently acquired by Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2009.229).
A. Rogerson (NLA) 5 March 2009. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 22 May 2020.

Before 14 October 2013. Metal-detecting. [2].
Finds recorded on the PAS database:
Middle/Late Saxon hooked tag and openwork mount.
Late Saxon copper alloy finger ring and lead finger ring.
Medieval buckle frames.
Information from PAS import.
Finds identified by HES but not recorded on the PAS database:
2 Roman copper alloy coins.
1 medieval coin.
See finder's map in file.
A. Beckham (HES), 25 November 2013.

Monument Types

  • BANK (EARTHWORK) (Undated)
  • BOUNDARY MARKER (Undated)
  • FINDSPOT (Unknown date)
  • TRACKWAY (Undated)
  • FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Prehistoric - 4000 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC to 701 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Iron Age to Roman - 800 BC to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SETTLEMENT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Saxon to Middle Saxon - 410 AD to 850 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Middle Saxon to Late Saxon - 651 AD to 1065 AD)
  • SETTLEMENT (Middle Saxon to Late Saxon - 651 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BANK (EARTHWORK) (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BOUNDARY MARKER (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval to 19th Century - 1066 AD to 1900 AD)
  • TRACKWAY (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Associated Finds

  • CASTING WASTE (Unknown date)
  • NEEDLE (Unknown date)
  • POT (Unknown date)
  • QUERN (Unknown date)
  • RING (Unknown date)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Unknown date)
  • WEIGHT (Unknown date)
  • WEIGHT (Unknown date)
  • LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
  • BLADE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC? to 4001 BC?)
  • POT (Late Prehistoric - 4000 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Beaker - 2300 BC to 1700 BC)
  • SWORD (Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC to 701 BC)
  • BROOCH (Early Iron Age to Roman - 800 BC to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • COIN (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • BEAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BRACELET (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN BLANK (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COSMETIC PESTLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FLUE TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FLUE TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • HARNESS MOUNT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • NEEDLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
  • STRAP END (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • WHETSTONE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • ANNULAR BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • POT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • POT (Early Saxon to Middle Saxon - 411 AD to 850 AD)
  • RING (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BROOCH (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • HOOKED TAG (Middle Saxon to Late Saxon - 651 AD to 1065 AD)
  • PIN (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • PIN (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • POT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • POT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • STRAP END (Middle Saxon to Late Saxon - 651 AD to 1065 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • HOOKED TAG (Middle Saxon to Medieval - 720 AD to 1100 AD)
  • MOUNT (Middle Saxon to Late Saxon - 800 AD to 900 AD)
  • BALANCE (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BRIDLE BIT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • COIN (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • EAR RING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • KEY (LOCKING) (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PADLOCK (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1539 AD)
  • POT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • POT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • STRAP END (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • STRAP END (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • ANNULAR BROOCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BROOCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BROOCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BROOCH (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • CAME (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • CENSER (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • CHAIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Medieval to 19th Century - 1066 AD to 1900 AD)
  • HARNESS (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • HARNESS MOUNT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • HARNESS PENDANT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • JETTON (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • KNIFE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • KNIFE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • LACE TAG (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • LAMP (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • NET SINKER (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PADLOCK (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PENDANT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PENDANT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PILGRIM BADGE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • QUERN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • RING (Medieval to 19th Century - 1066 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SPINDLE WHORL (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • SPUR (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STRAP END (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STYLUS (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • THIMBLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • TOKEN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • WEIGHT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1270 AD to 1400 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1270 AD to 1400 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1350 AD to 1500 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • BUTTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • BUTTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • CAME (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • CROTAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FURNITURE FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • HOOKED TAG (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • JETTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • JEWS HARP (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • JEWS HARP (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • MUSKET BALL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STYLUS (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SWORD BELT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • TOKEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Protected Status

  • SHINE
  • Higher Level Stewardship

Sources and further reading

---Unpublished Document: Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2006. Treasure Annual Report 2004. pp 103-104; No 179.
---Publication: British Museum. 2010. Treasure Act Annual Report 2008. pp xx and xxv.
---Aerial Photograph: AWE 83, TF 7105A.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 580. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 581. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 582. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 583. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 584. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 585. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 586. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 587. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 588. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 589. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 590. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 591. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 592. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 593. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 594. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 595. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 596. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 597. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 598. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 599. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 600. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 89. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 90. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 92. BB.
---*Fieldwork: Barton Bendish Survey. 93. BB.
---Photograph: NLA. Finds Photograph.
---Photograph: I & RS. Digital finds image.
---Map: Finder's Map..
---Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
---Secondary File: Secondary File.
---Photograph: EAX 36-8 (mount), EAE 12-15, EAD 21-4 (IA coin).
---Collection: Norfolk Historic Environment Record Staff. 1975-[2000]. HER Record Notes. Norfolk Historic Environment Service.
<S1>Article in Monograph: Rogerson, A. and Davison, A. 1997. An archaeological and historical survey of the parish of Barton Bendish. Barton Bendish and Caldecote: fieldwork in south-west Norfolk. East Anglian Archaeology. Rogerson, A. et al.. No 80 pp 1-42. p 6.
<S2>Illustration: Gibbons, J.. 2004. Drawing of a Late Saxon lead plate brooch.. Film. 2:1.
<S3>Illustration: Gibbons, J.. 2005. Drawing of a Late Bronze Age sword blade segment.. Film. 1:1.
<S4>Illustration: Gibbons, J.. 2007. Drawing of a Late Saxon incomplete possible plate brooch. Find Illustration. Film. 2:1.

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