Record Details

NHER Number:34131
Type of record:Monument
Name:Early Saxon cemetery and multi-period finds

Summary

Metal-detecting between 1998 to 2013 found artefacts dating from the prehistoric to post-medieval periods but the quantity and type of Early Saxon metalwork recovered suggests that an Early Saxon cemetery was present on this site. The Early Saxon finds pottery sherds, brooches, sleeve clasps, pendants and a range of other fittings and dress accessories.
Other finds recovered include prehistoric worked flint, such as Neolithic scrapers; Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, Late Saxon, medieval and post-medieval pottery; Roman roof tile; Iron Age, Roman and medieval coins; a medieval jetton; medieval and post-medieval tokens and Bronze Age to post-medieval and undatable metal objects. The metal finds include a Bronze Age blade, razor and sickle; Iron Age and Late Iron Age/Roman brooches; Roman dress accessories, finger rings, tweezers, possible copper alloy vessel fragment and a fragment of armour; a Middle Saxon pin, rivets and a staple; a medieval strap fitting and part of a knife; a post-medieval cloth seal and coin weight and an undatable body sherd of ceramic crucible with copper alloy adhering to the inner surface.

Images

  • Medieval brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Medieval chain from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Medieval pin from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Undated unidentified object from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman pot from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon cruciform brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon cruciform from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon cruciform brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon cruicform brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon annular brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon sleeve clasp from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon sleeve clasp from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon sleeve clasp from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman mount from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Unidentified object from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early/Mid Saxon from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early/Mid Saxon rivet from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon mount from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman nail from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Romano British vessel from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early medieval brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon sleeve clasp from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council
  • Early Saxon brooch from NHER 34131  © Norfolk County Council

Location

Grid Reference:Not displayed
Map Sheet:TF70SE
Parish:BRECKLAND
OXBOROUGH, BRECKLAND, NORFOLK

Full description

December-March 1998. Metal detecting. [1]
Rich Early Saxon metalwork suggesting cemetery.
Roman, Iron Age, medieval and post medieval coins and metalwork.
See list in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 5 January 1999.

December 1998-March 1999. Metal detecting. [2].
See file for map showing location of contexts C.1-30, lists of finds and (S1, S2, S3. S4 and S5).
A. Rogerson (NLA), 9 September 2000.

Early 1999. Metal detecting. Context 35. Findspot uncertain.
Fragment of very unusual Iron Age brooch (S6).
Drawing in secondary file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 4 May 2001.

January 2001. Metal detecting. Contexts 31-34.
Iron Age coins, Roman coins.
Further Roman, Early Saxon, medieval, post medieval and undatable metal finds.
Including two later 5th century late 'Roman' gold coins converted into pendants.
See list in secondary file.
IARCH-234A57 - PAS details to follow.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 March 2001. Amended by A. Beckham (HES), 7 December 2021.

March 2002. Metal detecting. Contexts 35-39.
Eight Roman coins.
Further Roman, Early Saxon, medieval and undatable metal finds.
See lists in secondary file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 2 May 2002.

Autumn 2002 to 13 January 2003. Metal detecting. Finds from two areas.
Ten Roman coins including three pierced.
Possible Bronze Age metal finds, Roman, Early Saxon and medieval metal finds.
Possible Early Saxon glass bead.
See lists in secondary file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 February 2003.

Possible Bronze Age object found before 13 January 2003 may possibly be a sickle blade fragment reused as a razor. [3].
See Portable Antiquities Database sheet in secondary file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 June 2003.

2005. Thematic Research.
This site formed part of case study area for a research paper on the value of metal-detected finds in archaeological research, particularly within landscape studies and identification of previously unknown cemetery sites. The case study area included NHER 25458, NHER 28671, NHER 31759, NHER 34131, NHER 34355, and NHER 34965.
See journal article (S7) for further details.
H. Hamilton (HES), 26 July 2017.

November-December 2012. Metal-detecting. Site extended to the north. [4].
13 Roman coins.
Early Saxon pin and a saucer brooch.
Middle Saxon copper alloy link.
1 medieval coin.
Incomplete undated cast copper alloy unidentified object.
Information from PAS import.
A. Beckham (HES), 5 February 2013.

December 2012- January 2013. Metal-detecting. [5].
Undatable body sherd of ceramic crucible with copper alloy adhering to the inner surface and an unidentified rectangular copper alloy strip.
2 Late Iron Age coins and 1 pottery sherd.
Late Iron Age/Roman Colchester type one-piece brooch.
13 Roman coins, 8 pottery sherds, brooches, pairs of tweezers, a pendant, finger ring, copper alloy nail, and a possible mount.
Early Saxon brooches, wrist clasps and a fragment of sheet mount or appliqué from a stave-built bucket.
Middle Saxon copper alloy rivets.
Information from PAS import.
A. Beckham (HES), 5 February 2013.

October-November 2013. Metal-detecting. [6].
4 Roman coins and possible copper alloy vessel fragment.
Early Saxon brooches and sleeve clasp.
Information from PAS import.
P. Watkins (HES), 2 December 2013.

Monument Types

  • FINDSPOT (Unknown date)
  • FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Neolithic - 3000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age - 100 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Iron Age to Roman - 100 BC to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • CEMETERY (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Saxon - 410 AD to 650 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Saxon to Middle Saxon - 410 AD to 850 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Associated Finds

  • CRUCIBLE (Unknown date)
  • METAL WORKING DEBRIS (Undated)
  • RING (Unknown date)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Undated)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Unknown date)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Unknown date)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Unknown date)
  • LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Late Neolithic - 3000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • BLADE (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
  • POT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
  • RAZOR (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
  • SICKLE (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
  • BROOCH (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • COIN (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
  • POT (Late Iron Age - 100 BC to 42 AD)
  • COIN (Late Iron Age - 10 BC to 42 AD)
  • COIN (Late Iron Age - 10 BC to 42 AD)
  • BROOCH (Late Iron Age to Roman - 20 AD to 60 AD)
  • ARMOUR (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BEAD (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 100 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 65 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 75 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 75 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 75 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 80 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 200 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • HAIR PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • HARNESS FITTING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • KNIFE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • MINIATURE OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • MOUNT (Roman - 43 AD to 200 AD)
  • NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • NAIL CLEANER (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • PENDANT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • PENDANT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 200 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • ROOF TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • VESSEL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 75 AD to 100 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 75 AD to 175 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 198 AD to 200 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 223 AD to 223 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 268 AD to 269 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 268 AD to 270 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 268 AD to 275 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 269 AD to 271 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 271 AD to 274 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 286 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 286 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 286 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 402 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 286 AD to 293 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 293 AD to 296 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 319 AD to 319 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 320 AD to 378 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 335 AD to 337 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 335 AD to 348 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 335 AD to 383 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 337 AD to 341 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 337 AD to 341 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 341 AD to 348 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 355 AD to 361 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 367 AD to 375 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 367 AD to 375 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 367 AD to 375 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 367 AD to 375 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 383 AD to 388 AD)
  • BEAD (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BOW BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BRACELET (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BUCKET (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • COIN (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • FINGER RING (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • GIRDLE HANGER (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • KNIFE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • MODEL (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • PENDANT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • PENDANT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • PENDANT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • POT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • PURSE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • RING (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • SCABBARD (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • STAPLE (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • SWORD (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • TWEEZERS (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • VESSEL (Early Saxon - 411 AD to 650 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 430 AD to 550 AD)
  • PIN (Early Saxon - 450 AD to 550 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 600 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 600 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 600 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 600 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 600 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 525 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 525 AD)
  • VESSEL (Early Saxon - 475 AD to 525 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 480 AD to 530 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 480 AD to 530 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 480 AD to 530 AD)
  • BROOCH (Early Saxon - 500 AD to 530 AD)
  • SLEEVE CLASP (Early Saxon - 500 AD to 550 AD)
  • CHAIN (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 700 AD)
  • PIN (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • RIVET (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 725 AD)
  • RIVET (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 725 AD)
  • SCABBARD (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • STAPLE (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • SWORD (Middle Saxon - 651 AD to 850 AD)
  • POT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN WEIGHT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • JETTON (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • KNIFE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • PURSE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • RING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • TOKEN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1422 AD to 1427 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN WEIGHT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • HARNESS FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • RING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SPUR (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • TOKEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Protected Status

  • SHINE

Sources and further reading

---Photograph: NLA. Finds Photograph.
---Photograph: I & RS. Digital finds image.
---Map: Finder's Map..
---Unpublished Document: Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2000. Treasure Annual Report 1998-1999. p 54; Nos 100 and 101.
---Unpublished Document: Department for Culture, Media and Sport. 2001. Treasure Annual Report 2000. pp 43-44 and 50; Nos 60 and 70.
---Photograph: 1999. KSE 36, Early Saxon foot of cruciform brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSE 35, Early Saxon foot of a cruciform brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSE 33-34, Early Saxon complete small long brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSE 31-32, Early Saxon small long brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSE 29-30, Early/Late Saxon cast bronze sword pommel..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 8, Five pierced Romano British coins..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 7, Romano British military fitting..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 5-6, Early Saxon small long brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 4, Early Saxon girdle hanger fragment..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 1-3, Early Saxon short long brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 37 & KSJ 1, Roamno British/Early Saxon girdle hanger..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 36, Early/Middle Saxon seax chape..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 35, early/Middle Saxon staple/clip..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 34, Early Saxon cruciform brooch fragment..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 33, Early Saxon bucket mount..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 32, Early Saxon girdle hanger fragment..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 31, Early Saxon buckle..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 30, Two Iron Age La Tene III brooches..
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 29,.
---Photograph: 1999. KSH 29, Post Medieval lead cloth seal..
---Photograph: 1999. KSJ 4-6, Early Saxon small long brooch with rivet repair..
---Photograph: 1999. KSJ 3, Early Saxon cruciform brooch foot..
---Photograph: 1999. KSJ 2, Early Saxon wrist clasp..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 21-22, Early Saxon small long brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 19-20, Early Saxon wrist clasp..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 18, Early/Middle Saxon pin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 17, Early Saxon bucket fitting..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 16, Early Saxon bow from a square head brooch..
---Photograph: 1999. KSK 14-15, Early Saxon sword pommel fitting..
---Photograph: 1999. KSN 24-25, Pattern Horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KNS 26-27, Face horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSN 28-29, Boar Horse Iron Age coin.
---Photograph: 1999. KSN 30-31, Early face horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSN 34-35, Pattern horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSN 36, Pattern horse Iron Age coin.
---Photograph: 2002. KTF 30, Early Saxon cruciform foot..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP 1-2, Pattern Horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP, 3.4, Pattern Horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP 5-6, Pattern Horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP 7-8, Pattern Horse Iron Age coin..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP 9-10, South Ferriby Type..
---Photograph: 1999. KSP 11-12, Dubriovellaunus.
---Photograph: 2002. KTF 31, Two Early Saxon iron models for brooch..
---Photograph: 2002. KTF 32-33, Early Saxon small long brooch..
---Photograph: 2002. KTF 34, Early Saxon cruciform brooch..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 6, Early Saxon possible mount or decorative sherd..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 7, Early Saxon small long brooch fragment..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 9-10, Early Saxon bead..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 8, Early Saxon cross shaped gilt brooch..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 11-12, Early Saxon hollow boss like object..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 13, Early Saxon brooch fragment..
---Photograph: 2003. KTP 14, Early Saxon knob..
---Secondary File: Secondary File.
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 19, Early Saxon brooch fragment..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 20, Early Saxon wrist clasps..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 21, Early Saxon cruciform brooch..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 22, Early Saxon S shaped mount..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 23, Early Saxon small long brooch..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 24, Early Saxon rivited bronze sheet..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 25-27, Early Saxon lozengiform mount..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 28, Early Saxon annular brooch fragment..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 29, Early Saxon wrist clasps..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 30, Early Saxon birds head mount..
---Photograph: 2001. LFY 31, Early Saxon equal armed brooch..
<S1>Illustration: Rogerson, A. 1999. Drawing of a Bronze Age awl.. Film. 1:1.
<S2>Illustration: White, S.. 2002. Drawing of a Saxon axe shaped mount fragment.. Film. 2:1.
<S3>Illustration: White, S.. 1999. Drawing of one half of an Early Saxon wrist clasp.. Film. 2:1.
<S4>Illustration: Ashley, S.. 1999. Drawing of a medieval lead trial-piece for horse-harness pendant cast.. Film. Unknown.
<S5>Illustration: Holness, A.. 1999. Drawing of an Iron Age la tene 1 brooch.. Card. 1:1.
<S6>Illustration: Hoyle, M.. 1999. Drawing of an Iron Age copper alloy brooch.. Film. 2:1.
<S7>Article in Serial: Chester-Kadwell, M. 2005. Metal-Detector Finds in Context: New Light on 'Dark Age' Cemeteries in the Landscape of Norfolk. Archaelogical Review from Cambridge. Vol 20.1, pp 70-96. pp 90-93.

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