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Record Details

NHER Number:9815
Type of record:Monument
Name:Possible Roman settlement and multi-period finds

Summary

Aerial photographs of this area show cropmarks of possible Roman field systems and settlement, although some of these may in fact relate to later agricultural features. Some of the cropmarks previously recorded at this site are now under NHER 52252.
Metal-detecting between 1990 and 2018 recovered prehistoric worked flint, including Lower Palaeolithic ovate or cordate handaxe, a Neolithic scraper and flaked axehead, Neolithic/Bronze Age scrapers, a retouched flake, flake, core and a borer, and an Early Bronze Age barbed and tanged arrowhead; Roman and Late Saxon to post-medieval pottery sherds; Roman, medieval and post-medieval coins; medieval and post-medieval jettons; post-medieval tokens and Roman and Late Saxon to post-medieval metal objects. The metal finds include Roman brooches, a hair pin, a copper alloy statuette of a goat and a votive model eye; a Late Saxon brooch; medieval to post-medieval dress accessories; a medieval casket key; medieval/post-medieval copper alloy rings and a weight and post-medieval cloth seals, spur fragments, harness mount, crotal bell, lead weight and finger ring.

Images

  • Post medieval cloth seal from NHER 9815 © Norfolk County Council
  • Roman plate brooch from NHER 9815 © Norfolk County Council
  • Late Saxon brooch from NHER 9815 © Norfolk County Council
  • Unknown unidentified object from NHER 9815 © Norfolk County Council
  • Post-medieval animal bell from NHER 9815 © Norfolk County Council

Location

Grid Reference:TG 24 04
Map Sheet:TG20SW
Parish:CAISTOR ST EDMUND, SOUTH NORFOLK, NORFOLK

Full description

Some of the cropmarks previously recorded at this site are now under NHER 52252.

Site XXVIII.

1946 RAF air photograph. [1].
Showed chequer board road plan with houses. See Notes.

1949.
Examined by R. R. Clarke (NCM) one site at least coincided with known site of Roman house. Noted by OSO Archaeology Branch.
See (S1).
R. R. Clarke (NCM).

Roman field system.
R. R. Clarke (NCM).

Marks at [1] are a farm of 1840.
E. Rose (NLA).

Pre June 1990. [4].
Numbered finds on (S2) in file; but finds (mostly post medieval) not individually numbered.
Two Roman coins, see list in file.
Four Roman sherds in one area; two jar rims and one bodysherd Roman greyware.
Body sherd of large oxidised jar with stabbed decoration.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 19 June 1990.

April 1991. [3].
Three Roman coins (see list in file).
Medieval strap end of rectangular folded sheet secured at open end with two rivets; decorated on front with longitudinal ribs.
Identified by S. Margeson (NCM).
A. Rogerson (NLA), 3 May 1991

February 1993. Metal detecting. [4].
General finds in west part of field.
Roman copper alloy goat, probably with a votive association. 30mm long, 43mm high. One horn broken off at stump, (S4).
Identified by J. Davies (NCM).
Compare with examples from London and North Stow. See (S3).
See (S5).
A. Rogerson (NLA)

November/December 1994. Metal detecting. [5].
Roman coin.
See list in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 6 January 1995.

October 2001. Metal detecting.
Medieval, post medieval and undatable metal finds.
See list in file.
S. Ashley (NLA), 6 December 2001.

November 2001. Metal detecting.
Undatable prehistoric flint flake.
See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 22 January 2001.

January 2002. Metal detecting.
Roman greyware body sherd.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 4 March 2002.

April 2002. Metal detecting.
Roman votive model of an eye in area centred [6].
See description and (S6) in the Illustration Library.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 31 May 2002.

May/June 2002. Metal detecting.
One Roman and one post medieval coin.
Post medieval cloth seal.
See lists in file with National Grid References.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 5 July 2002.

September/October 2004. Metal-detecting.
1 Roman coin and 2 brooches (1 trumpet, 1 dolphin).
2 medieval coins.
1 post-medieval coin.
Coins identified by A. Marsden (NLA) and other objects by S. Ashley (NLA). See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 17 November 2004.
Updated by J. Page (HES), 11 March 2014.

March 2009. Norfolk NMP.
The cropmarks previously recorded under this number are now under NHER 52252. The cropmarks relating to a Roman settlement previously recorded at this location and described as showing a ‘chequer board road plan with houses’. However consultations of the run of aerial photographs and others suggested that the soilmarks visible in April 1946 relate to former post medieval field boundaries and agricultural features such as former pits. The significant amount of Roman finds recovered from this general area are attributed to these apparent cropmarks. However it seems more likely that they finds are associated with the cropmark enclosure and associated fields identified on the later vertical aerial photographs that are recorded under NHER 52252.
S. Horlock (NMP), 24 March 2009.

November 2014-January 2015. Metal-detecting. [7].
Neolithic/Bronze Age scraper.
5 Roman coins.
Medieval casket key.
Medieval/post-medieval lead weight and copper alloy rings.
1 post-medieval jetton, cloth seals and a lead weight.
Information from PAS import.
A. Beckham (HES), 2 March 2015.

January-February 2015. Metal-detecting. [8].
Undated unidentified copper alloy object.
Late Saxon brooch.
3 Roman coins and a brooch.
Information from PAS import.
A. Beckham (HES), 7 April 2015.

February-March 2015. Metal-detecting. [9].
4 Roman coins.
1 medieval coin and a jetton.
2 post-medieval coins, 2 tokens, a cloth seal, crotal bell and finger ring.
Information from PAS import.
A. Beckham (HES), 5 May 2015.

January-February 2018. Metal-detecting. [10].
Lower Palaeolithic ovate or cordate handaxe of Wymer's type J or K.
Neolithic scraper.
Neolithic/Bronze Age scrapers, a retouched flake and a borer.
18 Roman coins and 3 pottery sherds.
1 Late Saxon/medieval Thetford Ware pottery sherd.
2 medieval coins.
3 medieval/post-medieval pottery sherds and buckles.
2 post-medieval coins, 3 tokens, 1 Frenchen stoneware ottery sherd, cloth seals and a harness mount.
Information from PAS import.
E. McDonald (HES), 2 April 2018.

January-March 2018. Metal-detecting. [11].
Neolithic flaked axehead, a short example likely reshaped from an earlier form.
Neolithic/Bronze Age core and flake.
Early Bronze Age barbed and tanged arrowhead.
4 Roman coins, 1 pottery sherd, and a copper alloy hairpin.
Medieval/post-medieval pottery bung-hole from a cistern and buttons.
1 post-medieval coin and 2 cloth seals, one inscribed with crown.
Information from PAS import.
E. McDonald (HES), 2 May 2018.

Monument Types

  • FINDSPOT (Unknown date)
  • FINDSPOT (Lower Palaeolithic - 1000000 BC to 150001 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • FINDSPOT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • BUILDING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FIELD SYSTEM? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • ROAD? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • SETTLEMENT? (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Medieval to 19th Century - 1066 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FIELD SYSTEM (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • FINDSPOT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Associated Finds

  • UNIDENTIFIED OBJECT (Unknown date)
  • HANDAXE (Lower Palaeolithic - 600000 BC to 150001 BC)
  • FLAKE (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
  • BORER (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • CORE (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • FLAKE (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • FLAKED AXEHEAD (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • RETOUCHED FLAKE (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC to 701 BC)
  • SCRAPER (TOOL) (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
  • ARROWHEAD (Early Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 1501 BC)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • CEREMONIAL OBJECT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • FIGURINE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • HAIR PIN (Roman - 43 AD to 200 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • VOTIVE MODEL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 50 AD to 138 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 50 AD to 260 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 69 AD to 117 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 81 AD to 96 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 98 AD to 99 AD)
  • BROOCH (Roman - 100 AD to 200 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 103 AD to 111 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 119 AD to 122 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 138 AD to 161 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 175 AD to 175 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 193 AD to 217 AD)
  • POT (Roman - 200 AD to 409 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 268 AD to 270 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 271 AD to 274 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 273 AD to 274 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 273 AD to 274 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 273 AD to 274 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 286 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 286 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 275 AD to 402 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 293 AD to 296 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 322 AD to 323 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 324 AD to 326 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 335 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 330 AD to 348 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 335 AD to 348 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 335 AD to 348 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 337 AD to 341 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 348 AD to 350 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 364 AD to 375 AD)
  • COIN (Roman - 367 AD to 375 AD)
  • BROOCH (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1000 AD)
  • POT (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD to 1100 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1194 AD to 1204 AD)
  • KEY (LOCKING) (Medieval - 1200 AD to 1400 AD)
  • WEIGHT (Medieval to 16th Century - 1200 AD to 1600 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1251 AD to 1272 AD)
  • COIN (Medieval - 1280 AD to 1281 AD)
  • RING (Medieval to 16th Century - 1300 AD to 1600 AD)
  • JETTON (Medieval - 1320 AD to 1350 AD)
  • POT (Medieval to 16th Century - 1450 AD to 1600 AD)
  • POT (Medieval to 16th Century - 1450 AD to 1600 AD)
  • POT (Medieval to 16th Century - 1450 AD to 1600 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Medieval to 16th Century - 1500 AD to 1600 AD)
  • BUTTON (Medieval to 18th Century - 1500 AD to 1800 AD)
  • BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • COIN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • SPUR (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • STRAP FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
  • CROTAL (16th Century to 17th Century - 1550 AD to 1700 AD)
  • POT (16th Century - 1550 AD to 1600 AD)
  • ROWEL SPUR (16th Century to 17th Century - 1550 AD to 1700 AD)
  • COIN (16th Century - 1554 AD to 1561 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (16th Century to 18th Century - 1575 AD to 1725 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (16th Century to 18th Century - 1600 AD to 1800 AD)
  • FINGER RING (16th Century to 18th Century - 1600 AD to 1800 AD)
  • HARNESS MOUNT (16th Century to 17th Century - 1600 AD to 1700 AD)
  • WEIGHT (16th Century to 17th Century - 1600 AD to 1700 AD)
  • COIN (17th Century - 1603 AD to 1607 AD)
  • COIN (17th Century - 1621 AD to 1623 AD)
  • COIN (17th Century - 1636 AD to 1644 AD)
  • COIN (17th Century - 1646 AD to 1649 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (17th Century to 18th Century - 1650 AD to 1705 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (17th Century to 18th Century - 1650 AD to 1800 AD)
  • CLOTH SEAL (17th Century to 18th Century - 1650 AD to 1800 AD)
  • TOKEN (17th Century - 1650 AD to 1667 AD)
  • TOKEN (17th Century - 1650 AD to 1670 AD)
  • JETTON (17th Century - 1660 AD to 1685 AD)
  • TOKEN (17th Century - 1667 AD to 1667 AD)
  • TOKEN (17th Century - 1667 AD to 1667 AD)
  • TOKEN (17th Century - 1669 AD to 1669 AD)

Protected Status - none

Sources and further reading

---Aerial Photograph: RAF. RAF 106G/UK/1606 3063-4.
---Photograph: I & RS. Digital finds image.
---Record Card: Ordnance Survey Staff. 1933-1979?. Ordnance Survey Record Cards. TG 20 SW 60.
---Record Card: NAU Staff. 1974-1988. Norfolk Archaeological Index Primary Record Card.
---Record Card: Clarke, R. R. and NCM Staff. 1933-1973. Norwich Castle Museum Record Card - Roman. Caister-by-Norwich.
---Secondary File: Secondary File.
<S1>Serial: 1949. Norfolk Research Committee Bulletin. Series 1 No 1 (for 1948).
<S2>Map: Finder's Map..
<S3>Monograph: Green, M.J. 1978. British Archaeological Report.. British Archaeological Report. 24. Pl XX C and F.
<S4>Illustration: Tully, L.. Unknown. Drawing of a Roman goat figurine.. Paper. 1:1.
<S5>Photograph: NLA. Finds Photograph.
<S6>Illustration: Gibbons, J.. 2002. Drawing of a Roman copper alloy votive model eye.. Film. 2:1.

Related records - none

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