Norfolk Heritage Explorer

Location

Full description

Mangreen Farm Site 1.

September 2002. Desk-based Assessment.
Assessment of proposed mineral extraction area.
Remains of Roman date may extend across the assessment area, particularly given the proximity of a possible temple site immediately to the east. For the medieval period there is little to suggest that Mangreen was anything but small and marginal, despite its perceived importance.
See report (S1) for further details.
A. Cattermole (NLA), 7 January 2009.

January 2003. Geophysical Survey.
Magnetic susceptibility survey followed by detailed magnetometry in four targeted areas (Areas 1-4).
Most of the area surveyed appeared to contain anomalies associated with recent agricultural activity.
See report (S2) for further details.
A. Cattermole (NLA), 7 January 2009. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 27 May 2015.

January 2003. Systematic Fieldwalking and Metal-detecting Survey.
Field survey of proposed mineral extraction area (Area 1). From context 1.
Scatters of prehistoric burnt and struck flint.
Late Bronze Age core fragments and tools.
Some evidence of earlier activity on the site is also present.
Scatters of post-medieval tile were identified, with three notable concentrations.
Pottery sherds from the site were generally post-medieval and are likely derived from manuring from midden heaps.
See report (S3) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S4).
The associated archive has been deposited with the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2007.305).
A. Cattermole (NLA), 24 January 2005. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 27 May 2015 and 5 May 2019.

August 2003. Trial Trenching.
Evaluation of proposed mineral extraction area. Contexts 1000-1040?.
The evaluation revealed a low density of mostly undated ditches, gullies and sparse pits. Some of the undated features may be prehistoric.
See report (S5) for further details.
A. Cattermole (NLA), 25 January 2004.

See NHER 39785 for Roman bowl, etc. found October 2003 by [1] while detecting part of area.
J. Allen (NLA), 8 April 2004.

2003-2004. Metal-detecting.
Examination of trial trench backfills and two additional areas:
Found in area of Trenches 1-9:
18 undatable prehistoric flint flakes, 1 ?borer, 1 retouched flake, 2 spalls and 1 trial piece.
1 Mesolithic flint blade.
2 Early Neolithic flint single-platform flake cores.
1 post-medieval drop handle.

Found in area of Trenches 10-21:
36 undatable prehistoric flint flake, 1 core fragment, 2 scrapers, 1 ?scraper, 1 ?knife, 1 borer, 1 notched flake, 4 retouched flakes, 2 spalls, 1 ?trial piece and 4 shatter pieces.
1 Early Neolithic flint single-platform core.
1 Neolithic flint end scraper.
1 ?Roman lead weight.
1 medieval pottery sherd (glazed Grimston) and 1 buckle.
1 post-medieval pottery sherd (Glazed Red Earthenware), 1 buckle and 1 crotal bell.
1 undatable lead weight and 1 copper alloy fragment.

Found at [1]:
5 undatable prehistoric flint flakes.
1 Mesolithic flint two-orthogonal platform blade core.
1 Early Neolithic flint ?single-platform core fragment.
1 post-medieval token, 1 jetton 1 harness mount, 1 buckle and 1 crotal bell.

Found at [2]:
1 post-medieval shoe buckle.

Found at [3]:
1 undatable prehistoric flint flake, 1 retouched flake and 1 shatter piece.
1 Early Neolithic flint single-platform core.
1 Early Bronze Age flint retouched flake.

Flints identified by P. Robins (NCM) and other objects by A. Rogerson (NLA). See lists in file.
A. Rogerson (NLA), 10 May 2004. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 2 April 2014

June-July 2008. Watching Brief.
Monitoring of topsoil stripping in advance of mineral extraction. Contexts from 1000.
Seven pits were recorded, all of which appear to be of prehistoric date, probably Iron Age. Two post-holes were also noted in close proximity to the pits, and may be contemporary. Four ditches were identified, and contained no dating evidence but are most probably post-medieval field boundaries.
See (S6) for further details.
A. Cattermole (NLA), 6 July 2009. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 27 May 2015.

January-February 2009. Strip Map and Sample Excavation.
Excavation on site of proposed reservoir.
Exposed a circular Roman enclosure ditch encompassing six graves containing at least seven human skeletons. These may have been part of a family group, perhaps associated with a villa or small settlement, although no evidence of domestic activity was encountered. Four of the inhumations within the enclosure are thought to have been roughly contemporary. The other three were situated in the entrance to the enclosure and are thought to have belonged to a later generation and perhaps an act of closure of the monument. Of particular interest is the presence of a young female exhibiting facial characteristics suggestive of mixed ancestry, with features more indicative of Negroid than Caucasian origins, but with the shared genetic trait of a pronounced occipital protuberance as two other burials. This was the only female buried within the funerary enclosure and she shared the grave with a young male. She may represent a second or third generation migration community in the Venta Icenorum area, though of course the presence of just one individual cannot possibly indicate how extensive this may have been. Radiocarbon dating confirmed a Roman date for these burials but was insufficiently precise to allow any refinement of cemetery's chronology.
See report (S7) for further details. The results of this work are also summarised in (S8).
The associated archive has been deposited with the Norwich Castle Museum (NWHCM : 2013.161).
D. Holburn (HES), 13 September 2011. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 27 May 2015 and 5 May 2019.

August 2009. Watching Brief.
Monitoring of topsoil stripping in advance of mineral extraction.
A single burnt tree hollow was encountered but no archaeological finds or features were revealed.
See report (S9) for further details.
S. Howard (HES), 27 July 2011. Amended by P. Watkins (HES), 27 May 2015.

Monument Types

• DITCH (Unknown date)
• GULLY (Unknown date)
• PIT (Unknown date)
• FINDSPOT (Prehistoric - 1000000 BC to 42 AD)
• FINDSPOT (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Early Neolithic - 4000 BC to 3001 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Early Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 1501 BC)
• PIT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC? to 701 BC?)
• FINDSPOT (Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC to 701 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age - 1000 BC to 401 BC)
• PIT (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age - 1000 BC to 401 BC)
• FINDSPOT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
• PIT (Iron Age - 800 BC? to 42 AD?)
• FINDSPOT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• FUNERARY ENCLOSURE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• INHUMATION (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• INHUMATION CEMETERY (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• PIT (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
• FINDSPOT (Late Saxon - 851 AD to 1065 AD)
• FINDSPOT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
• DITCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• DITCH (Post Medieval - 1540 AD? to 1900 AD?)
• FINDSPOT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Associated Finds

• WEIGHT (Unknown date)
• BORER (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
• CORE (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
• FLAKE (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
• RETOUCHED FLAKE (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
• SCRAPER (TOOL) (Lower Palaeolithic to Late Iron Age - 500000 BC to 42 AD)
• BLADE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
• BLADE CORE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
• BLADE (Early Neolithic - 4000 BC to 3001 BC)
• CORE (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
• RETOUCHED BLADE (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
• SCRAPER (TOOL) (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2351 BC)
• THUMB NAIL SCRAPER (Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age - 3000 BC to 1501 BC)
• POT (Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 701 BC)
• SCRAPER (TOOL) (Early Bronze Age - 2350 BC to 1501 BC)
• END SCRAPER (Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC to 701 BC)
• POT (Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age - 1000 BC? to 401 BC?)
• SIDE SCRAPER (Late Bronze Age - 1000 BC to 701 BC)
• POT (Iron Age - 800 BC to 42 AD)
• ANIMAL REMAINS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• COFFIN FITTING (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• HUMAN REMAINS (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• NAIL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• POT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• TILE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• WEIGHT (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• POT (Late Saxon to Medieval - 851 AD? to 1539 AD?)
• BUCKLE (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
• POT (Medieval - 1066 AD to 1539 AD)
• BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• BUCKLE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• CROTAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• CROTAL (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• FURNITURE FITTING (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• HARNESS MOUNT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• JETTON (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• POT (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• ROOF TILE (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)
• TOKEN (Post Medieval - 1540 AD to 1900 AD)

Protected Status - none

Sources and further reading

Related records - none

Find out more...

• Parish Summary: Swardeston (Parish Summary)